水库下游河流再造床过程中的河岸侵蚀   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

张春燕  陈立  张俊勇  王志国 《水科学进展》2005,16(3):356-360

根据实测河道地形资料,分析了水库下游河床演变中的河岸侵蚀现象,包括不同横向边界约束条件、不同床沙组成和不同河型河段的河岸侵蚀的特征及规律。结果表明:①水库下游均会有河岸侵蚀发生,但初期一般以下切为主,后期以展宽为主。②对于横向边界约束较强的河段,河岸侵蚀相对较弱;相反,则河岸坍塌严重,河岸侵蚀强烈;③对不同的河床组成和边滩组成的河段:河床较粗特别是形成抗冲粗化层,且边滩组成较细的河段,河岸侵蚀现象非常剧烈;河床组成较细的河段,如果边滩抗冲性较强,则河岸侵蚀现象相对较弱,如果滩地组成较细、容易坍塌,河岸侵蚀也会较强;④不同的河型有着不同的河岸侵蚀现象。分汊河段以主汊为主;游荡段的游荡特性在初期受到抑制;弯曲河段的撇弯切滩现象较普遍。  相似文献   

T市平面控制网的扩建及与1954北京坐标系的关系     

覃辉 《测绘科学与工程》2005,25(4):40-44

本文论证了58T市独立坐标系与87T市独立坐标系的区别，使用T市扩建二等GPS网的平差成果，给出了87T市独立坐标系精确变换到1954北京坐标系的方法与参数。  相似文献   

登陆台风Winnie(1997)的数值模拟研究Ⅱ:结构演变特征分析   总被引：26，自引：14，他引：26  

朱佩君  陈敏  陶祖钰  王洪庆 《气象学报》2002,60(5):560-567

利用“登陆台风Winnie(1997)的数值模拟研究Ⅰ”的数值模拟结果 ,讨论了Winnie(1997)台风在登陆后变性阶段和重新加强阶段的环流、动力和热力结构特征以及演变过程。在结构上 ,变性阶段主要完成了从基本对称的垂直分布到斜压非对称分布的转换。在变性阶段的初期 ,热力和动力以及环流结构上都还留有一些热带气旋的影子 ,但是在强度和空间分布上已经发生了明显的变化 ,同时也反映了台风登陆后由于下垫面的变化 ,使来自海面的暖湿水汽输送呈明显的不对称分布 ,导致热力结构上的不对称分布。到变性阶段的后期 ,无论从环流结构还是动力结构上 ,都形成了和冷暖锋相对应的倾斜分布特征 ,并且和冷空气对应的锋区在低层侵入到气旋中心 ,使热带气旋经过变性阶段最终演变为锋面气旋。在重新发展阶段 ,通过与西风带低槽的结合 ,变性后的气旋获得了重新发展的机会。并且在此过程中得到了一次来自附近洋面的高暖湿能量的输送 ,也为发展提供了有利的条件 ,使变性后的气旋进一步加强为成熟的温带气旋。  相似文献   

Crustal structure of the Ruby Mountains and southern Carlin Trend region, Nevada, from magnetotelluric data     

Philip E. Wannamaker  William M. Doerner 《Ore Geology Reviews》2002,21(3-4)

We have collected about 150 magnetotelluric (MT) soundings in northeastern Nevada in the region of the Ruby Mountains metamorphic core complex uplift and southern Carlin mineral trend, in an effort to illuminate controls on core complex evolution and deposition of world-class gold deposits. The region has experienced a broad range of tectonic events including several periods of compressional and extensional deformation, which have contributed to the total expression of electrical resistivity. Most of the soundings reside in three east–west profiles across increasing degrees of core uplift to the north (Bald Mountain, Harrison Pass, and Secret Pass latitudes). One short cross-line was also taken to assess an east–west structure to the north of the northern profile. Model resistivity cross-sections were derived from the MT data using a 2-D inversion algorithm, which damps departures of model parameters from an a priori structure. Geological interpretation of the resistivity combines previous seismic, potential field and isotope models, structural and petrological models for regional compression and extension, and detailed structural/stratigraphic interpretations incorporating drilling for petroleum and mineral exploration. To first order, the resistivity structure is one of a moderately conductive, Phanerozoic sedimentary section fundamentally disrupted by intrusion and uplift of resistive crystalline rocks. Late Devonian and early Mississippian shales of the Pilot and Chainman Formations together form an important conductive marker sequence in the stratigraphy and show pronounced increases in conductance (conductivity–thickness product) from east to west. These increases are attributed to graphitization caused by Elko–Sevier era compressional shear deformation and possibly by intrusive heating. The resistive crystalline central massifs adjoin the host stratigraphy across crustal-scale, steeply dipping fault zones. The zones provide pathways to the lower crust for heterogeneous, upper crustal induced, electric current flow. Resistive core complex crust appears steeply bounded under the middle of the neighboring grabens and not to deepen at a shallow angle to arbitrary distances to the west. The numerous crustal breaks imaged with MT may contribute to the low effective elastic thickness (T_e) estimated regionally for the Great Basin and exemplify the mid-crustal, steeply dipping slip zones in which major earthquakes nucleate. An east–west oriented conductor in the crystalline upper crust spans the East Humboldt Range and northern Ruby Mountains. The conductor may be related to nearby graphitic metasediments, with possible alteration by middle Tertiary magmatism. Lower crustal resistivity everywhere under the profiles is low and appears quasi one-dimensional. It is consistent with a low rock porosity (<1 vol.%) containing hypersaline brines and possible water-undersaturated crustal melts, residual to the mostly Miocene regional extension. The resistivity expression of the southern Carlin Trend (CT) in the Pinon Range is not a simple lineament but rather a family of structures attributed to Eocene intrusion, stratal deformation, and alteration/graphitization. Substantial reactivation or overprinting by core complex uplift or Basin–Range extensional events seems likely. We concur with others that the Carlin Trend may result in part from overlap of the large Eocene Northeast Nevada Volcanic Field with Precambrian–Paleozoic deep-water clastic source rocks thickening abruptly to the west of the Pinon Range, and projecting to the north–northwest.  相似文献   

New Mexico structural zone—an analogue of the Colorado mineral belt     

P. K. Sims  H. J. Stein  C. A. Finn   《Ore Geology Reviews》2002,21(3-4)

Updated aeromagnetic maps of New Mexico together with current knowledge of the basement geology in the northern part of the state (Sangre de Cristo and Sandia–Manzano Mountains)—where basement rocks were exposed in Precambrian-cored uplifts—indicate that the northeast-trending Proterozoic shear zones that controlled localization of ore deposits in the Colorado mineral belt extend laterally into New Mexico. The shear zones in New Mexico coincide spatially with known epigenetic precious- and base-metal ore deposits; thus, the mineralized belts in the two states share a common inherited basement tectonic setting. Reactivation of the basement structures in Late Cretaceous–Eocene and Mid-Tertiary times provided zones of weakness for emplacement of magmas and conduits for ore-forming solutions. Ore deposits in the Colorado mineral belt are of both Late Cretaceous–Eocene and Mid-Tertiary age; those in New Mexico are predominantly Mid-Tertiary in age, but include Late Cretaceous porphyry-copper deposits in southwestern New Mexico.The mineralized belt in New Mexico, named the New Mexico structural zone, is 250-km wide. The northwest boundary is the Jemez subzone (or the approximately equivalent Globe belt), and the southeastern boundary was approximately marked by the Santa Rita belt. Three groups (subzones) of mineral deposits characterize the structural zone: (1) Mid-Tertiary porphyry molybdenite and alkaline-precious-metal deposits, in the northeast segment of the Jemez zone; (2) Mid-Tertiary epithermal precious-metal deposits in the Tijeras (intermediate) zone; and (3) Late Cretaceous porphyry-copper deposits in the Santa Rita zone. The structural zone was inferred to extend from New Mexico into adjacent Arizona. The structural zone provides favorable sites for exploration, particularly those parts of the Jemez subzone covered by Neogene volcanic and sedimentary rocks.  相似文献   

Variation in element release rate from different mineral size fractions from the B horizon of a granitic podzol     

Mark E. Hodson 《Chemical Geology》2002,190(1-4):91-112

Far-from-equilibrium batch dissolution experiments were carried out on the 2000–500, 500–250, 250–53 and 53–2 μm size fractions of the mineral component of the B horizon of a granitic iron humus podzol after removal of organic matter and secondary precipitates. The different size fractions were mineralogically and chemically similar, the main minerals present being quartz, alkali and plagioclase feldspar, biotite and chlorite. Specific surface area increased with decreasing grain size. The measured element release rates decreased in the order 53–2>>>2000–500>500–250>250–53 μm. Surface area normalised element release rates from the 2000–500, 500–250 and 250–53 μm size fractions (0.6–77×10⁻¹⁴ mol/m²/s) were intermediate between literature reported surface area normalised dissolution rates for monomineralic powders of feldspar (0.1–0.01×10⁻¹⁴ mol/m²/s) and sheet silicates (100×10⁻¹⁴ mol/m²/s) dissolving under similar conditions. Element release rates from the 53–2 μm fraction (400–3000×10⁻¹⁴ mol/m²/s) were a factor of 4–30 larger than literature reported values for sheet silicates. The large element release rate of the 53–2 μm fraction means that, despite the small mass fraction of 53–2 μm sized particles present in the soil, dissolution of this fraction is the most important for element release into the soil. A theoretical model predicted similar (within a factor of <2) bulk element release rates for all the mineral powders if observed thicknesses of sheet silicate grains were used as input parameters. Decreasing element release rates with decreasing grain size were only predicted if the thickness of sheet silicates in the powders was held constant. A significantly larger release rate for the 53–2 μm fraction relative to the other size fractions was only predicted if either surface roughness was set several orders of magnitude higher for sheet silicates and several orders of magnitude lower for quartz and feldspars in the 53–2 μm fraction compared to the other size fractions or if the sheet silicate thickness input in the 53–2 μm fraction was set unrealistically low. It is therefore hypothesised that the reason for the unpredicted large release rate from the 52–3 μm size fraction is due to one or more of the following reasons: (1) the greater reactivity of the smaller particles due to surface free energy effects, (2) the lack of proportionality between the BET surface area used to normalise the release rates and the actual reactive surface area of the grains and, (3) the presence of traces quantities of reactive minerals which were undetected in the 53–2 μm fraction but were entirely absent in the coarser fractions.  相似文献   

辽宁省地震前兆台网技术改造概述     

卢群  殷为民  刘淑芹  秦家林  金众范 《东北地震研究》2002,18(3):7-13

“九五”期间实施的《辽宁省地震前兆台网技术改造项目》使辽宁省地震前兆观测技术系统由模拟到数字实现了质的飞跃，本文对项目的技术思路，实施情况，取得的成果及建设特色进行了介绍。  相似文献   

Phototransformation of aromatic pollutants in solar light: Photolysis versus photosensitized reactions under natural water conditions   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Delphine Vialaton  Claire Richard 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2002,64(2):207-215

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Inversion of shallow-seismic wavefields: I. Wavefield transformation   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Thomas Forbriger 《Geophysical Journal International》2003,153(3):719-734

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矿产资源资产与市场优化配置     

郑锡泉 《江苏地质》2003,27(4):242-245

将土地资产的理论与经验引进矿产资源管理，探讨建立和完善社会主义矿产资源市场经济制造，指出实现矿产资源性资产的市场机制是资源优化配置的一种十分重要的手段。它能够通过各级政府规划或者指导对资源的形势研究，预测其供求、价格和竞争之间的相互作用和影响。推动资源的科学利用与有效保护，合理流动与分配，提高资源利用率，从而促进社会经济的可持续发展。探讨和创建矿产资源性资产与产权管理的新机制，其实质是采矿权人根据国家法律，按统一的技术规定、规程、标准和要求，对其占用的资源储量进行定期或不定期的检测，编制相应的动态报表、年度报告和统计报表。国家根据矿种类型，通过省市县建立不同层次的矿产资源储量数据库进行产权管理。政府的监督管理主要由矿产资源储量登记与统计及核查机制组成。  相似文献